A Guide To Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: 10 Things To Know

1. Introduction to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB) was a revolutionary art movement founded in 1848 by a group of young British artists. Led by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais, and William Holman Hunt, the Brotherhood sought to challenge the dominance of the Royal Academy of Arts and break away from the restrictions of traditional Victorian art. They aimed to revive the spirit of medieval art, emphasizing detailed, vibrant, and emotionally charged works often inspired by poetry and mythology.

2. Inspiration from Poetry and Literature

One of the defining aspects of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood is their strong connection to poetry and literature. They drew inspiration from the works of poets such as Dante, Shakespeare, and John Keats, seeking to translate their verses into visual art. Many of their paintings depict scenes from famous poems or explore themes inspired by literary works, often incorporating symbolic elements and complex narratives within their compositions.

3. Detailed and Vibrant Style

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was known for its meticulous attention to detail and vibrant color palette. Rejecting the loose brushwork of their contemporaries, the Pre-Raphaelites aimed for precision and clarity in their paintings. They employed techniques such as layering glazes and thin washes to achieve luminous effects and rich hues. Their works often featured intricate patterns, intricate brushwork, and delicate rendering of fabrics and natural elements.

4. Female Beauty and Femme Fatales

A recurring theme in Pre-Raphaelite art is the depiction of female beauty. The Brotherhood idealized the image of the woman as a seductive force, often portraying them as ethereal, mystical beings. Their models, including Elizabeth Siddal and Jane Morris, became iconic representations of the Victorian concept of beauty. However, the Pre-Raphaelites also explored the darker side of femininity, depicting femme fatales and tragic heroines influenced by classical and medieval literature.

5. Controversial Subjects and Social Commentary

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood didn’t shy away from controversial subjects and social commentary. Through their art, they tackled issues such as poverty, human exploitation, and the oppression of women. One notable example is William Holman Hunt’s painting “The Awakening Conscience,” which depicts a young woman awakening to her immoral situation as a kept mistress. Their willingness to address such matters contributed to their reputation as rebellious and independent artists.

6. Influence on Fashion and Aesthetic Movement

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood’s artistic vision extended beyond the canvas and influenced various aspects of Victorian culture. Their fascination with medieval imagery and detailed aesthetics had a profound impact on fashion and interior design. The flowing, ethereal gowns worn by their models inspired a whole fashion trend. Moreover, their rejection of industrialization and mechanization of art later influenced the Aesthetic Movement, advocating for “art for art’s sake” and the pursuit of beauty as a societal ideal.

7. Criticism and Decline

Despite their initial success, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood faced considerable criticism during their time. Their innovative style, emphasis on naturalism, and unconventional subject matter were met with skepticism from art critics and the public. As some members of the Brotherhood started to pursue different artistic directions, the movement gradually declined by the late 1850s. However, their influence would later resonate with the Symbolist movement and the Arts and Crafts movement of the late 19th century.

8. Preservation and Legacy

Despite the decline of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, their impact on the art world continued to grow over time. Today, their works are highly regarded and celebrated. Many of their paintings are preserved in prestigious museums and galleries worldwide, such as the Tate Britain, the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the Delaware Art Museum. The Pre-Raphaelites’ lasting legacy can be observed in contemporary art, literature, and film, inspiring new generations of artists and captivating audiences with their captivating visual narratives.

9. Notable Pre-Raphaelite Artists

Several notable artists were associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, each contributing their distinctive style to the movement. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, known for his romantic and medieval themes, was a leading figure and a gifted poet. John Everett Millais, on the other hand, portrayed realistic scenes influenced by nature and Shakespearean literature. Other influential members include William Holman Hunt, Ford Madox Brown, Edward Burne-Jones, and Evelyn De Morgan, each contributing to the diverse range of Pre-Raphaelite art.

10. Further Reading and Resources

If you want to delve deeper into the world of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, here are some recommended resources to explore:
– Tate: Pre-Raphaelite Art
– Victoria and Albert Museum: What is the Pre-Raphaelite Movement?
– Delaware Art Museum: British Pre-Raphaelites Collection
– Encyclopedia Britannica: Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
– BBC: Dante Gabriel Rossetti – Damned If You Do

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a transformative force in the world of art, challenging conventions, and leaving an indelible mark on Victorian culture. Their vibrant, detailed works continue to captivate audiences today, offering a glimpse into a world where art strives for beauty, symbolism, and social commentary.